Example Concept: Quantum error correction involves encoding logical qubits into multiple physical qubits to detect and correct errors without directly measuring the quantum state. This is achieved through the use of ancillary qubits and syndrome measurements, which identify errors in a non-destructive manner. The surface code, for instance, is a leading QEC method that arranges qubits in a 2D lattice, allowing for efficient error detection and correction, thus enhancing the scalability of quantum processors by reducing error rates and extending coherence times.