Example Concept: Quantum error correction uses codes like the surface code or Shor's code to encode logical qubits into a larger number of physical qubits. These codes can detect and correct errors such as bit-flip and phase-flip errors by using ancillary qubits and syndrome measurements. The process involves applying a sequence of gates that entangle the qubits in such a way that errors can be identified and corrected without collapsing the quantum state, thereby maintaining the fidelity of gate operations.