Example Concept: Quantum error correction codes work by distributing quantum information across several qubits, forming a logical qubit that is resilient to certain types of errors. For instance, the surface code uses a 2D lattice of qubits where error syndromes are measured to detect bit-flip and phase-flip errors. These syndromes guide the correction process, allowing the logical qubit to maintain its state despite individual qubit errors, thus mitigating the effects of decoherence.