Quantum error correction (QEC) in topological qubits leverages the inherent error-resilient properties of topological states, which are less sensitive to local perturbations, while superconducting qubits rely on active error correction codes like the surface code to manage decoherence and gate errors. Topological qubits aim to achieve fault tolerance through their physical properties, whereas superconducting qubits require complex error correction protocols to maintain coherence and fidelity.

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