Example Concept: Quantum error correction works by encoding a logical qubit into a larger number of physical qubits, using redundancy to detect and correct errors such as bit-flip and phase-flip errors. The surface code, for instance, arranges qubits in a 2D lattice, allowing for local error detection and correction through stabilizer measurements, which do not disturb the quantum information. This process helps maintain coherence and fidelity over longer computational periods.