Example Concept: Quantum error correction schemes, such as the surface code or Shor's code, utilize redundancy by encoding a logical qubit into a larger number of physical qubits. This redundancy allows the detection and correction of errors (bit-flip, phase-flip, or both) through syndrome measurements, which identify error patterns without collapsing the quantum state. By continuously applying these corrections, the effective coherence time of the logical qubit is extended significantly beyond that of individual physical qubits.