Example Concept: Quantum error correction involves encoding logical qubits into multiple physical qubits using error-correcting codes like the Shor code or the surface code. These codes can detect and correct errors such as bit-flip, phase-flip, or both, by using ancillary qubits and syndrome measurements. The process ensures that even if some qubits are affected by noise, the overall quantum state can be restored, thus maintaining the fidelity of quantum computations.