Example Concept: Surface codes operate by arranging physical qubits in a 2D grid where each qubit interacts with its neighbors to form stabilizer codes. These codes detect errors by measuring syndromes, which are patterns indicating the presence of errors without disturbing the quantum information. The key advantage of surface codes is their high threshold for error rates, meaning they can tolerate a relatively high level of noise while still effectively correcting errors, making them suitable for scalable quantum computing.